📄 2020A AMC 12 真题

2020A AMC 12 — Official Competition Problems (February 2024)
📅 2024 A 年11月 📝 25题选择题 ⏱ 40分钟 🎯 满分25分 ✅ 含解题思路 👥 612 人已练习

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1
第 1 题
数论
Carlos took 70\% of a whole pie. Maria took one third of the remainder. What portion of the whole pie was left?
💡 解题思路
If Carlos took $70\%$ of the pie, there must be $(100 - 70)\% = 30\%$ left. After Maria takes $\frac{1}{3}$ of the remaining $30\%, \ 1 - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{2}{3}$ of the remaining $30\%$ is left.
2
第 2 题
规律与数列
The acronym AMC is shown in the rectangular grid below with grid lines spaced 1 unit apart. In units, what is the sum of the lengths of the line segments that form the acronym AMC ? [图]
💡 解题思路
Each of the straight line segments have length $1$ and each of the slanted line segments have length $\sqrt{2}$ (this can be deducted using $45-45-90$ , pythag, trig, or just sense)
3
第 3 题
行程问题
A driver travels for 2 hours at 60 miles per hour, during which her car gets 30 miles per gallon of gasoline. She is paid \0.50 per mile, and her only expense is gasoline at \2.00 per gallon. What is her net rate of pay, in dollars per hour, after this expense?
💡 解题思路
Since the driver travels $60$ miles per hour and each hour she uses $2$ gallons of gasoline, she spends $\$4$ per hour on gas. If she gets $\$0.50$ per mile, then she gets $\$30$ per hour of driving.
4
第 4 题
数论
How many 4 -digit positive integers (that is, integers between 1000 and 9999 , inclusive) having only even digits are divisible by 5?
💡 解题思路
The units digit, for all numbers divisible by 5, must be either $0$ or $5$ . However, since all digits are even, the units digit must be $0$ . The middle two digits can be 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, but the th
5
第 5 题
几何·面积
The 25 integers from -10 to 14, inclusive, can be arranged to form a 5 -by- 5 square in which the sum of the numbers in each row, the sum of the numbers in each column, and the sum of the numbers along each of the main diagonals are all the same. What is the value of this common sum?
💡 解题思路
Without loss of generality, consider the five rows in the square. Each row must have the same sum of numbers, meaning that the sum of all the numbers in the square divided by $5$ is the total value pe
6
第 6 题
几何·面积
In the plane figure shown below, 3 of the unit squares have been shaded. What is the least number of additional unit squares that must be shaded so that the resulting figure has two lines of symmetry? [图]
💡 解题思路
The two lines of symmetry must be horizontally and vertically through the middle. We can then fill the boxes in like so:
7
第 7 题
几何·面积
Seven cubes, whose volumes are 1 , 8 , 27 , 64 , 125 , 216 , and 343 cubic units, are stacked vertically to form a tower in which the volumes of the cubes decrease from bottom to top. Except for the bottom cube, the bottom face of each cube lies completely on top of the cube below it. What is the total surface area of the tower (including the bottom) in square units?
💡 解题思路
The volume of each cube follows the pattern of $n^3$ , for $n$ is between $1$ and $7$ .
8
第 8 题
综合
💡 解题思路
We can see that $44^2=1936$ which is less than 2020. Therefore, there are $2020-44=1976$ of the $4040$ numbers greater than $2020$ . Also, there are $2020+44=2064$ numbers that are less than or equal
9
第 9 题
方程
How many solutions does the equation \tan(2x)=\cos(\tfrac{x}{2}) have on the interval [0,2π]?
💡 解题思路
We count the intersections of the graphs of $y=\tan(2x)$ and $y=\cos\left(\frac x2\right):$
10
第 10 题
规律与数列
There is a unique positive integer n such that \[\log_2{(\log_{16}{n})} = \log_4{(\log_4{n})}.\] What is the sum of the digits of n?
💡 解题思路
We can use the fact that $\log_{a^b} c = \frac{1}{b} \log_a c.$ This can be proved by using Change of Base Formula to base $a.$
11
第 11 题
几何·面积
A frog sitting at the point (1, 2) begins a sequence of jumps, where each jump is parallel to one of the coordinate axes and has length 1 , and the direction of each jump (up, down, right, or left) is chosen independently at random. The sequence ends when the frog reaches a side of the square with vertices (0,0), (0,4), (4,4), and (4,0) . What is the probability that the sequence of jumps ends on a vertical side of the square?
💡 解题思路
Drawing out the square, it's easy to see that if the frog goes to the left, it will immediately hit a vertical end of the square. Therefore, the probability of this happening is $\frac{1}{4} \cdot 1 =
12
第 12 题
坐标几何
Line l in the coordinate plane has equation 3x-5y+40=0 . This line is rotated 45^{\circ} counterclockwise about the point (20,20) to obtain line k . What is the x -coordinate of the x -intercept of line k?
💡 解题思路
The slope of the line is $\frac{3}{5}$ . We must transform it by $45^{\circ}$ .
13
第 13 题
整数运算
There are integers a, b, and c, each greater than 1, such that \[\sqrt[a]{N\sqrt[b]{N\sqrt[c]{N}}} = \sqrt[36]{N^{25}}\] for all N ≠ 1 . What is b ?
💡 解题思路
$\sqrt[a]{N\sqrt[b]{N\sqrt[c]{N}}}$ can be simplified to $N^{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{abc}}.$
14
第 14 题
几何·面积
Regular octagon ABCDEFGH has area n . Let m be the area of quadrilateral ACEG . What is \tfrac{m}{n}?
💡 解题思路
$ACEG$ is a square. WLOG $AB = 1,$ then using Law of Cosines, $AC^2 = [ACEG] = 1^2 + 1^2 - 2 \cos{135} = 2 + \sqrt{2}.$ The area of the octagon is just $[ACEG]$ plus the area of the four congruent (by
15
第 15 题
行程问题
In the complex plane, let A be the set of solutions to z^{3}-8=0 and let B be the set of solutions to z^{3}-8z^{2}-8z+64=0. What is the greatest distance between a point of A and a point of B?
💡 解题思路
We solve each equation separately:
16
第 16 题
几何·面积
A point is chosen at random within the square in the coordinate plane whose vertices are (0, 0), (2020, 0), (2020, 2020), and (0, 2020) . The probability that the point is within d units of a lattice point is \tfrac{1}{2} . (A point (x, y) is a lattice point if x and y are both integers.) What is d to the nearest tenth ?
💡 解题思路
[asy] size(5cm); draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle); filldraw((arc((0,0), 0.3989, 0, 90))--(0,0)--cycle, gray); draw(arc((1,0), 0.3989, 90, 180)); filldraw((arc((1,0), 0.3989, 90, 180))--(1,0)--c
17
第 17 题
几何·面积
The vertices of a quadrilateral lie on the graph of y=\ln{x} , and the x -coordinates of these vertices are consecutive positive integers. The area of the quadrilateral is \ln{\frac{91}{90}} . What is the x -coordinate of the leftmost vertex?
💡 解题思路
Let the coordinates of the quadrilateral be $(n,\ln(n)),(n+1,\ln(n+1)),(n+2,\ln(n+2)),(n+3,\ln(n+3))$ . We have by shoelace's theorem, that the area is \begin{align*} &\frac{\ln(n)(n+1) + \ln(n+1)(n+2
18
第 18 题
几何·面积
Quadrilateral ABCD satisfies \angle ABC = \angle ACD = 90^{\circ}, AC=20, and CD=30. Diagonals \overline{AC} and \overline{BD} intersect at point E, and AE=5. What is the area of quadrilateral ABCD?
💡 解题思路
[asy] size(15cm,0); import olympiad; draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle); label("A", (0,2), NW); label("B", (0,0), SW); label("C", (4,0), SE); label("D", (6,4), NE); label("E", (1.714,1.143), N);
19
第 19 题
规律与数列
There exists a unique strictly increasing sequence of nonnegative integers a_1 < a_2 < … < a_k such that \[\frac{2^{289}+1}{2^{17}+1} = 2^{a_1} + 2^{a_2} + … + 2^{a_k}.\] What is k?
💡 解题思路
First, substitute $2^{17}$ with $x$ . Then, the given equation becomes $\frac{x^{17}+1}{x+1}=x^{16}-x^{15}+x^{14}...-x^1+x^0$ by sum of powers factorization. Now consider only $x^{16}-x^{15}$ . This e
20
第 20 题
几何·面积
Let T be the triangle in the coordinate plane with vertices (0,0), (4,0), and (0,3). Consider the following five isometries (rigid transformations) of the plane: rotations of 90^{\circ}, 180^{\circ}, and 270^{\circ} counterclockwise around the origin, reflection across the x -axis, and reflection across the y -axis. How many of the 125 sequences of three of these transformations (not necessarily distinct) will return T to its original position? (For example, a 180^{\circ} rotation, followed by a reflection across the x -axis, followed by a reflection across the y -axis will return T to its original position, but a 90^{\circ} rotation, followed by a reflection across the x -axis, followed by another reflection across the x -axis will not return T to its original position.)
💡 解题思路
Label each rotation \( A, B, C, D \), and \( E \) respectively.
21
第 21 题
数论
How many positive integers n are there such that n is a multiple of 5 , and the least common multiple of 5! and n equals 5 times the greatest common divisor of 10! and n?
💡 解题思路
We set up the following equation as the problem states:
22
第 22 题
规律与数列
Let (a_n) and (b_n) be the sequences of real numbers such that \[ (2 + i)^n = a_n + b_ni \] for all integers n≥ 0 , where i = √(-1) . What is \[\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{a_nb_n}{7^n} ?\]
💡 解题思路
Square the given equality to yield \[(3 + 4i)^n = (a_n + b_ni)^2 = (a_n^2 - b_n^2) + 2a_nb_ni,\] so $a_nb_n = \tfrac12\operatorname{Im}((3+4i)^n)$ and \[\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{a_nb_n}{7^n} = \frac12\oper
23
第 23 题
概率
Jason rolls three fair standard six-sided dice. Then he looks at the rolls and chooses a subset of the dice (possibly empty, possibly all three dice) to reroll. After rerolling, he wins if and only if the sum of the numbers face up on the three dice is exactly 7. Jason always plays to optimize his chances of winning. What is the probability that he chooses to reroll exactly two of the dice?
💡 解题思路
Consider the probability that rolling two dice gives a sum of $s$ , where $s \leq 7$ . There are $s - 1$ pairs that satisfy this, namely $(1, s - 1), (2, s - 2), \ldots, (s - 1, 1)$ , out of $6^2 = 36
24
第 24 题
几何·面积
Suppose that \triangle{ABC} is an equilateral triangle of side length s , with the property that there is a unique point P inside the triangle such that AP=1 , BP=√(3) , and CP=2 . What is s ?
💡 解题思路
We begin by rotating $\triangle{ APB}$ counterclockwise by $60^{\circ}$ about $A$ , such that $P\mapsto Q$ and $B\mapsto C$ . We see that $\triangle{ APQ}$ is equilateral with side length $1$ , meanin
25
第 25 题
数论
The number a=\frac{p}{q} , where p and q are relatively prime positive integers, has the property that the sum of all real numbers x satisfying \[\lfloor x \rfloor · \{x\} = a · x^2\] is 420 , where \lfloor x \rfloor denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x and \{x\}=x- \lfloor x \rfloor denotes the fractional part of x . What is p+q ?
💡 解题思路
Let $w=\lfloor x \rfloor$ and $f=\{x\}$ denote the whole part and the fractional part of $x,$ respectively, for which $0\leq f<1$ and $x=w+f.$
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